Hauv peb lub neej niaj hnub thiab thoob plaws kev lag luam suav tsis txheeb, peb nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov hlau lossis txhuas. Los ntawm cov skyscrapers uas zoo li peb lub nroog mus rau cov tsheb uas peb tsav tsheb thiab cov kaus poom uas tuav peb cov dej haus nyiam, ob cov ntaub ntawv no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Tab sis thaum nws los txog rau kev xaiv ntawm cov hlau thiab txhuas rau ib daim ntawv thov, qhov kev txiav txim siab yuav nyob deb ntawm qhov ncaj. Cia peb pib tshawb nrhiav cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws los txiav txim seb qhov twg yuav yog qhov zoo dua rau kev xav tau ntau yam.
Hlau thiab Aluminium: Kev Taw Qhia
Hlau
Hlau yog ib qho alloy feem ntau muaj hlau thiab carbon. Cov ntsiab lus carbon, feem ntau yog li ntawm 0.2% mus rau 2.1% los ntawm qhov hnyav, cuam tshuam nws cov khoom.Muaj ntau hom hlau. Carbon steel, piv txwv li, paub txog nws lub zog thiab pheej yig. Nws yog dav siv hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim khoom. Alloy steel, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj cov ntsiab lus ntxiv xws li manganese, chromium, lossis npib tsib xee ntxiv los txhim kho cov khoom tshwj xeeb xws li hardness, toughness, lossis corrosion kuj. Xav txog qhov muaj zog I - kab teeb uas siv hauv kev tsim kho lossis cov khoom siv hlau tsis muaj zog hauv koj chav ua noj - cov no yog cov khoom siv hlau ntau yam.
Aluminium
Aluminium yog lub teeb yuag hlau uas muaj ntau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust. Nws feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv bauxite ore thiab yuav tsum muaj lub zog tseem ceeb los rho tawm.Aluminium hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab yog mos, tab sis thaum alloyed nrog cov ntsiab lus xws li tooj liab, magnesium, lossis zinc, nws yuav muaj zog dua. Cov aluminium alloys feem ntau suav nrog 6061, uas yog siv dav hauv kev siv dav dav, xws li cov khoom siv tsheb thiab 7075, paub txog nws lub zog siab thiab feem ntau siv hauv cov khoom siv dav hlau. Saib ib ncig, thiab koj yuav pom cov txhuas hauv cov khoom siv niaj hnub xws li cov kaus poom dej haus, lub qhov rais thav duab, thiab txawm nyob rau hauv high-end electronics.
Lub cev muaj zog Showdown
Qhov ntom
Ib qho ntawm qhov sib txawv tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau thiab txhuas yog lawv qhov ntom ntom. Hlau feem ntau muaj qhov ceev ntawm ib ncig ntawm 7.85 grams ib cubic centimeter. Hauv qhov sib piv, aluminium qhov ntom yog kwv yees li 2.7 grams ib cubic centimeter. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb no ua rau aluminium ntau dua. Hauv kev lag luam aviation, piv txwv li, txhua kilogram ntawm qhov hnyav txo tuaj yeem ua rau kev txuag roj ntau dhau lub neej ntawm lub dav hlau. Tias yog vim li cas aluminium yog cov khoom siv rau kev tsim lub cev thiab tis. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov ntawv thov uas qhov hnyav tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb, thiab kev ruaj ntseg vim yog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj, xws li hauv qee hom kev lag luam tshuab lossis cov hauv paus ntawm cov qauv loj, steel qhov siab dua tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua.
Lub zog
Steel muaj npe nrov rau nws lub zog siab. High - carbon steel thiab alloy steels tuaj yeem ua tiav lub zog tensile siab heev, ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau cov ntawv thov uas muaj kev ncaj ncees hauv cov khoom hnyav yog qhov tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, cov choj ncua kev kawm ntawv uas hla cov dej loj heev vam khom cov kab hlau thiab kab teeb kom tiv taus qhov hnyav ntawm kev khiav tsheb thiab ib puag ncig. Aluminium alloys, txawm li cas los xij, kuj tau ua haujlwm zoo hauv lub zog. Qee qhov siab-lub zog aluminium alloys, zoo li cov siv hauv aerospace, tuaj yeem sib tw lub zog - rau - qhov hnyav piv ntawm qee cov hlau. Hauv kev lag luam automotive, txhuas tau siv ntau dua hauv cov qauv hauv lub cev kom txo qhov hnyav thaum tseem tswj hwm cov qauv kev nyab xeeb, vim tias kev nce qib hauv kev siv tshuab alloy tau txhim kho nws lub zog.
Kev coj ua
Thaum nws los txog rau hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity, aluminium outshines steel. Aluminium yog ib qho zoo heev conductor ntawm hluav taws xob, uas yog vim li cas nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim kis kab. Nws muaj qhov sib npaug zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov nqi, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum piv rau cov khoom siv kim dua xws li tooj liab. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm thermal conductivity, txhuas lub peev xwm los hloov cov cua sov sai sai ua rau nws yog ib qho kev xaiv nrov rau cov dab dej kub hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Piv txwv li, cov cua txias ntawm lub computer CPU feem ntau yog ua los ntawm txhuas alloy kom zoo dissipate tshav kub thiab tiv thaiv overheating. Hlau, thaum nws tuaj yeem ua hluav taws xob thiab cua sov, ua li ntawd ntawm tus nqi qis dua, ua rau nws tsis tsim nyog rau cov ntawv thov uas muaj qhov ua tau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Chemical Properties: A Closer Saib
Corrosion Resistance
Hlau muaj Achilles lub pob taws thaum nws los txog rau corrosion. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen thiab noo noo, hlau nkag mus rau oxidation, tsim xeb. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov qauv tsis muaj zog thaum lub sijhawm. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no, ntau yam kev tiv thaiv yog ua haujlwm, xws li pleev xim, galvanizing (txheej nrog zinc), lossis siv cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, uas muaj chromium uas tsim cov txheej txheem oxide passive. Aluminium, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj qhov zoo dua qub. Thaum raug huab cua, nws tsim ib txheej nyias, ntom oxide ntawm nws qhov chaw. Cov txheej no ua raws li kev thaiv, tiv thaiv ntxiv oxidation thiab corrosion. Qhov no ua rau aluminium zoo heev rau kev siv sab nraum zoov, xws li hauv cov ntug hiav txwv dej uas cov cua ntsev tuaj yeem ua rau corrosive tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, aluminium laj kab thiab cov rooj tog zaum sab nraum zoov tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau xyoo ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau cov khoom yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj loj.
Tshuaj Reactivity
Aluminium yog cov hlau uas muaj zog heev. Hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, nws tuaj yeem hnov mob hnyav, tshwj xeeb nrog cov kua qaub. Txawm li cas los xij, txheej txheej tiv thaiv oxide uas tsim rau ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam feem ntau. Hauv qee cov txheej txheem kev lag luam, lub reactivity ntawm txhuas tuaj yeem siv tau. Piv txwv li, hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm qee yam tshuaj, txhuas tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev txo qis. Steel, nyob rau hauv kev sib piv, yog tsawg reactive nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj xwm txheej. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias los yog acidic / hauv paus ib puag ncig, nws tuaj yeem raug tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas yuav cuam tshuam rau nws txoj kev ncaj ncees. Piv txwv li, hauv qee cov nroj tsuag tshuaj, cov qib tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlau yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv cov corrosive los ntawm cov tshuaj hnyav.
Kev sib piv ntawm kev ua tau zoo
Kev tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm
Steel muab ntau hom kev xaiv. Forging yog ib txoj hauv kev uas cov hlau yog rhuab thiab zoo li tus los ntawm kev siv lub zog compressive.Qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov khoom muaj zog thiab ua haujlwm zoo li lub crankshafts hauv cov cav. Rolling yog lwm cov txheej txheem uas cov hlau tau dhau los ntawm cov chais los tsim cov nplooj ntawv, daim hlau, lossis ntau yam profiles. Kev lag luam tsheb feem ntau siv stamping, ib hom txheej txheem txias txias, los tsim cov tsheb lub cev ntawm cov ntawv hlau. Aluminium kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim thiab tuaj yeem tsim tau yooj yim. Extrusion yog txheej txheem nrov rau txhuas, thaum lub sij hawm cov hlau raug yuam los ntawm kev tuag los tsim cov duab ntev thiab zoo ib yam. Qhov no yog li cas aluminium qhov rais thav duab yog tsim. Tuag-casting kuj tau siv dav rau txhuas, ua kom muaj kev sib txuam thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws, xws li lub cav thaiv hauv ntau lub tsheb niaj hnub.
Vuam Performance
Vuam hlau tuaj yeem yog txheej txheem nyuaj. Ntau hom hlau xav tau cov txheej txheem vuam tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntaub ntawv muab tub lim. Piv txwv li, carbon hlau tuaj yeem welded siv txoj kev zoo li arc vuam, tab sis yuav tsum tau ceev faj kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem xws li hydrogen embrittlement, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov welded tsis muaj zog. Vim nws cov ntsiab lus alloying, stainless hlau yuav xav tau tshwj xeeb electrodes kom ntseeg tau tias muaj zog thiab corrosion-resistant weld. Ntawm qhov tod tes, aluminium welding nthuav qhia nws cov teeb meem. Aluminium muaj cov thermal conductivity siab, txhais tau tias nws dissipates tshav kub sai thaum lub vuam txheej txheem. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua thiab cov khoom siv vuam tshwj xeeb, xws li tungsten inert gas (TIG) vuam lossis hlau inert gas (MIG) vuam. Ntxiv mus, oxide txheej ntawm txhuas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ua ntej vuam kom muaj kev sib raug zoo.
Kev txiav txim siab nqi
Tus nqi raw khoom
Tus nqi ntawm cov hlau yog qhov ruaj khov. Hlau ore, lub ntsiab raw khoom rau steel ntau lawm, muaj ntau nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Tus nqi ntawm cov mining thiab ua cov hlau ore, ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem yooj yim ntawm kev hloov mus rau hauv cov hlau, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm them taus. Txawm li cas los xij, aluminium muaj cov txheej txheem ntau dua thiab siv zog siv ntau lawm. Bauxite ore yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo rau hauv alumina, thiab tom qab ntawd electrolysis yog siv los rho tawm cov ntshiab txhuas. Qhov kev xav tau ntawm lub zog siab no, nrog rau cov nqi ntawm cov mining thiab refining bauxite, feem ntau ua rau cov khoom siv raw cov nqi ntawm txhuas siab dua cov hlau.
Tus nqi ua haujlwm
Cov hlau tsim tau zoo thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom dav dav txhais tau hais tias, nyob rau hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, tus nqi ua haujlwm tuaj yeem qis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom loj. Txawm li cas los xij, yog xav tau cov duab nyuaj lossis kev ua haujlwm siab, tus nqi tuaj yeem nce ntxiv. Hauv qee qhov, kev ua aluminium tuaj yeem kim dua. Txawm hais tias nws yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim rau hauv cov duab tsis yooj yim, qhov kev xav tau rau cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb rau cov txheej txheem xws li extrusion thiab cov kev sib tw ntawm vuam tuaj yeem tsav tus nqi. Piv txwv li, teeb tsa ib txoj kab extrusion rau txhuas yuav tsum muaj kev nqis peev ntau hauv cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej.
Kev txiav txim siab txog tus nqi
Thaum xav txog tus nqi tag nrho, nws tsis yog hais txog cov khoom siv raw thiab cov nqi ua haujlwm xwb. Lub neej ntev thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm cov khoom kawg kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, cov qauv hlau yuav xav tau kev pleev xim tsis tu ncua thiab kev saib xyuas kom tsis txhob muaj corrosion, uas ntxiv rau cov nqi mus sij hawm ntev. Aluminium qauv, nrog nws zoo corrosion kuj, tej zaum yuav txo tus nqi txij nkawm thaum lub sij hawm. Hauv qee qhov kev siv, xws li kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev lag luam loj, cov khoom siv qis qis thiab cov nqi ua cov hlau yuav ua rau nws raug nqi ntau dua. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, zoo li hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob high-end, qhov twg lub teeb yuag thiab corrosion-resistant cov khoom ntawm txhuas pom zoo rau tus nqi siab dua, aluminium tej zaum yuav yog qhov kev xaiv.
Kev siv ntau yam
Kev tsim kho teb
Hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam, steel yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb. Nws lub zog siab thiab lub peev xwm thauj khoom ua rau nws tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov thav duab ntawm skyscrapers thiab cov tsev lag luam loj. Cov kab hlau steel thiab kab tuaj yeem txhawb nqa qhov hnyav hnyav, tso cai rau kev tsim cov qauv siab thiab qhib-plaws. Cov choj tseem vam khom rau cov hlau. Kev ncua kev txuas txuas, nrog rau lawv qhov ntev ntev, siv cov hlua hlau thiab cov hlua khi los faib cov khoom thauj. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, aluminium feem ntau yog siv rau ntau qhov kev zoo nkauj thiab lub teeb yuag. Aluminium qhov rais thiab qhov rooj yog nrov vim lawv niaj hnub zoo li, zog efficiency, thiab corrosion kuj. Aluminium kab hlau rhuav phab ntsa tuaj yeem muab cov tsev ua kom zoo nkauj thiab niaj hnub saib thaum tseem yog qhov hnyav, txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsev cov qauv.
Automotive Kev Lag Luam
Hlau tau ntev ua cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam tsheb. Nws yog siv rau hauv lub chassis, lub cev ntas, thiab ntau yam khoom siv vim nws lub zog siab, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nyab xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev lag luam txav mus rau cov tsheb siv roj ntau dua, aluminium tau dhau los siv ntau dua. Aluminium yog siv nyob rau hauv lub cav blocks, uas txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub cav thiab, nyob rau hauv lem, txhim kho roj kev lag luam. Nws kuj tseem siv ntau ntxiv hauv cov vaj huam sib luag hauv lub cev kom txo qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm lub tsheb yam tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb, vim niaj hnub aluminium alloys tuaj yeem muab lub zog tsim nyog.
Aerospace Field
Hlau tau ntev ua cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam tsheb. Nws yog siv rau hauv lub chassis, lub cev ntas, thiab ntau yam khoom siv vim nws lub zog siab, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nyab xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev lag luam txav mus rau cov tsheb siv roj ntau dua, aluminium tau dhau los siv ntau dua. Aluminium yog siv nyob rau hauv lub cav blocks, uas txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub cav thiab, nyob rau hauv lem, txhim kho roj kev lag luam. Nws kuj tseem siv ntau ntxiv hauv cov vaj huam sib luag hauv lub cev kom txo qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm lub tsheb yam tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb, vim niaj hnub aluminium alloys tuaj yeem muab lub zog tsim nyog.
Kev Siv Cov Khoom Siv Txhua Hnub
Hauv peb lub neej niaj hnub, peb feem ntau tuaj hla cov khoom siv hlau thiab txhuas. Hlau feem ntau yog siv rau hauv chav ua noj riam, qhov twg nws hardness thiab ntug-retention zog muaj nuj nqis heev. Cov rooj tog ua los ntawm cov hlau, xws li cov rooj zaum hlau thiab rooj, tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si ruaj khov thiab zam. Ntawm qhov tod tes, aluminium tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov khoom xws li lub teeb yuag cookware, uas ua kom sov sai thiab sib npaug. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xws li cov khoos phis tawj thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj, feem ntau muaj cov ntaub ntawv txhuas vim lawv cov tsos zoo nkauj, tsim qauv hnyav, thiab cov khoom cua sov zoo.
Ua Kev Xaiv Zoo
Xaiv raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua
Yog tias koj xav tau cov khoom siv nrog lub zog siab thiab nruj rau cov qauv thauj khoom, steel yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev lag luam loj loj uas cov tshuab hnyav yuav khaws cia, cov kab hlau steel tuaj yeem muab kev txhawb nqa tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias qhov hnyav txo yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, xws li hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob portable lossis lub tsheb sib tw, aluminium qhov ntom ntom ntom ua rau nws xaiv ntau dua. Thaum nws los txog rau conductivity, yog tias koj tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob lossis thermal, aluminium yuav tsum yog koj thawj qhov kev xav.
Xaiv raws li Tus Nqi Them Nqi
Rau cov haujlwm uas muaj peev nyiaj tsawg, cov hlau yuav yog qhov kev xaiv pheej yig dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav txog nws cov nqi raw khoom qis thiab feem ntau txo cov nqi ua rau cov duab yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tuaj yeem them taus tus nqi siab dua thiab tab tom nrhiav kev txuag nyiaj mus sij hawm ntev ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab kev ua haujlwm, txhuas yuav yog qhov tsim nyog peev. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntug dej hiav txwv cheeb tsam uas corrosion yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb loj, ib tug txhuas qauv yuav raug nqi ntau dua pib tab sis yuav txuag tau nyiaj nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev vim nws superior corrosion kuj.
Xaiv raws li daim ntawv thov scenarios
Hauv kev siv sab nraum zoov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig hnyav, aluminium qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion muab qhov zoo dua. Piv txwv li, sab nraum zoov kos npe lossis lub teeb ncej ua los ntawm txhuas yuav kav ntev dua yam tsis muaj xeb. Nyob rau hauv high-temperature industrial chaw, xws li nyob rau hauv ib tug steel foundry los yog ib tug fais fab nroj tsuag boiler, steel lub peev xwm tiv taus kub kub ua rau nws nyiam cov khoom.
Hauv kev xaus, cov lus nug hnub nyoog ntawm seb cov hlau lossis txhuas zoo dua tsis muaj cov lus teb thoob ntiaj teb. Ob qho khoom siv muaj lawv tus kheej cov khoom tshwj xeeb, qhov zoo, thiab qhov tsis zoo. Los ntawm ua tib zoo xav txog cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm koj qhov project, txawm tias nws yog kev ua tau zoo, tus nqi, lossis kev thov tshwj xeeb, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab paub. Peb xav hnov txog koj cov kev paub hauv kev xaiv ntawm steel thiab aluminium. Thov qhia koj cov kev xav hauv cov lus hauv qab no!
Post lub sij hawm: Feb-17-2025
